RESPONSE OF PEPPER (Capsicum spp.) TO ORGANIC FERTILIZERS: GROWTH, YIELD, AND SOIL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

This article evaluates the response of pepper plants to various organic fertilizers, including compost, cow dung, poultry manure, sheep manure and farmyard manure. Literature and experimental findings showed that organic management and amendments especially when combined with beneficial microorganisms like AMF or Trichoderma can match conventional yield levels and enhance fruit quality while improving soil health indices such as enzyme activity and nutrient cycling. Pepper plants (Capsicum spp.) respond positively to organic fertilizers, which include compost, animal manure, green manure, bone meal, and other natural soil amendments. Studies and field trials have shown that organic fertilizers significantly improve soil fertility, plant growth, fruit yield, and quality in pepper cultivation. The key benefits of using organic fertilizers in pepper cultivation include: Enhanced soil structure and microbial activities by improving soil aeration and water retention, promoting healthy root systems. Gradual nutrient release by decomposes slowly, providing a steady supply of essential nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Increased yield and fruit quality with organic inputs often exhibit better flavor, firmness, and nutrient content. Reduced dependence on synthetic inputs which may supports sustainable and eco-friendly farming. It was recommended that farmers should use well decomposed organic fertilizers to avoid phytotoxicity and ensure nutrient availability, applies composted manure or properly cured organic matter. Combine different organic sources such as blending compost, poultry manure, and green manure which may provide a more balanced nutrient profile. Apply according to soil needs by conducting soil tests to tailor fertilizer application based on nutrient deficiencies. However, the effectiveness depends on the type, application rate, decomposition time, and soil conditions. Proper management is essential to avoid nutrient imbalances or delayed availability of nutrients.