FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN NIGERIA: THE LEGAL PSYCHODYNAMICS IN QUALITY, CREDIBILITY AND UTILITY VALUES

Abstract

Forensic evidence has become an essential component of modern criminal justice systems, providing scientific support for investigations and prosecutions. This study examined the role, challenges, and credibility of forensic evidence in Nigeria, with a focus on its scientific validity, judicial acceptability, and public trust. The research highlighted that while forensic science such as DNA profiling, toxicology, and digital forensics give objective and reliable tools for crime detection, its effectiveness in Nigeria is undermined by inadequate infrastructure, lack of accreditation, limited expertise, and systemic corruption. The study further revealed that weak legal provisions, inconsistent judicial practices, and poor chain-of-custody management diminish the admissibility and weight of forensic evidence in court proceedings. Additionally, public skepticism, shaped by corruption, wrongful convictions, and unrealistic expectations influenced by media portrayals, further erodes trust in forensic processes. Through an analysis of these challenges, the study proposes reforms including laboratory accreditation, capacity building, judicial training, and the establishment of independent forensic agencies. The findings emphasize the urgent need for systemic reforms to strengthen the credibility of forensic evidence, restore public trust, and enhance the fairness and effectiveness of Nigeria’s criminal justice system.