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INTERCULTURAL EFFECTS ON SEMANTICS IN IGBO CULTURE
This paper is about the intercultural effects on semantics in Igbo culture. The writer intends to find out how the mixture of Igbo culture with other cultures has influenced meaning in the Igbo cultural elements. This study was guided by triangular Relationship of Ogden and Richard (1923). In linguistics, semantics has to do with meaning; and this is the life of a language, because meaning leads to understanding and that is the base of communication which language stands for. Besides, meaning changes according to situations. In Igbo cultural setting, language is a mystery because every aspect of human life is pregnant with meaning; ranging from situations of life, objects, food and drinks, weather etc. An object can mean different things in different occasions. This paper strikes on the meaning hidden in Igbo cultural elements and how the mixture of pure Igbo culture with other cultures influenced the original meanings attached to these cultural elements. The following cultural elements served as footstool: Kola nut, palm wine, masquerade, wooden drum/metal gong, palmfrond, sound of animals and presence of some animals. At the end of the research, the result showed how modern ways of life, which came as a result of mixture in culture, erodes some meanings attached to the Igbo cultural elements. Solutions were equally proffered on how to protect good aspects of Igbo culture.
Igbo Culture, Intercultural Effects, Language, Symbol, Semantics
ODIDE ỌKỌWAOKWU NA IKIKERE MBIPỤTA: NTỤLEKỌRỊTA ỌKỌWAOKWU ECHERUO NA ỌKỌWAOKWU NNAJI
Edemede a bụ maka odide ọkọwaokwu na ikikere mbipụta: Ntụlekọrịta ọkọwaokwu Echeruo na ọkọwaokwu Nnaji. Ihe odee bu n’obi bụ igosi na na-agbanyeghi na ọkọwaokwu niile na-eyi onwe ha, nke ọbụla dị iche n’ebe ibe ya dị. Ọ ga-ezipụta nke a site n’itụlekọrịta ọkọwaokwu Nnaji (1985) na Echeruo (2001). Nke a ga-apụta ihe site n’ịmata agwara ọkọwaokwu Echeruo na agwara ọkọwaokwu Nnaji nakwa ebe ọkọwaokwu abụọ a si yie onwe ha, ya na ebe ha si dị iche. Mgbe e mechara ntụlekọrịta a, ụfọdụ ihe ndị a chọpụtara na myiri dị Na ha bụ ndị a: ha abụọ bụ ọkọwaokwu nhọrọ, ha gbasoro usoro ndịnugbu, ha akọwamighi ọkọwaokwu ha akọwami, ha depụtara okwu nsina dị ka okwu kwụọrọ onwe ya, ha enweghi akụkọ usorookwu, tinyere na ha dị n’ụdị akwụkwọ. Ebe ha si dị iche gụnyere: Echeruo depụtara okwu ndị nwere otu echiche, mana Nnaji edepụtaghị ha, isiokwu Nnaji dị 9,877 mana Echeruo edepụtaghị ọnụọgụ nke ya, Nnaji tinyekwuru eserese iji mee nkọwa ya, mana Echeruo ji naanị mkpụrụokwu na ahịrịokwu mee nkọwa, Echeruo nwere okwu ndịnazụ, mana Nnaji etinyeghi okwu ndịnaazụ ọbụla. Nchọpụta ndị a gosiri na ọkọwaokwu abụọ a kwụọrọ onwe ha maka na ha agbasoghi otu usoro nhazi na usoro nkọwa.
Ọkọwaokwu, Odide ọkọwaokwu, ikikere mbipụta, Ọkọwaokwu Nnaji, Ọkọwaokwu Echeruo
AZỤMAHỊA NA NAỊJIRIA NA ỌNỌDỤ ASỤSỤ IGBO NA SENTURI NKE IRI ABỤỌ NA OTU
Isiokwu nchọcha a bụ Azụmahịa na Naịjiria na ọnọdụ asụsụ Igbo na senturi nke iri abụọ na otu. Ihe nwanchọcha bu n’obi bụ ịchọpụta etu azụmahịa na Naịjiria si metụta ọnọdụ asụsụ Igbo na senturi nke iri abụọ na otu. Ihe kpalitere ya ime nchọcha a bụ maka na adịmmkpa asụsụ ọbụla gbadoro ụkwụ n’adịmmkpa ndị nwe asụsụ ahụ. Atụtụ mgbakwasa isiokwu nchọcha a bụ atụtụ Ngwakọrịta usoro azụmahịa; nke a kpọrọ Marketing Mix maọbụ 4PS of marketing n’asụsụ Bekee. A bịa na Naịjiria, ndị Igbo kacha pụta ihe n’ihe gbasara azụmahịa. Ihe ọ pụtara bụ na asụsụ Igbo kwesiri ịbụ asụsụ dị mkpa ma na-ewu ewu na Naịjiria; mana ọ dịghị etu ahụ. Nwanchọcha chọrọ ịchọpụta ihe kpatara nke a. Mgbe e mechara nchọcha a, a chọpụtara na a bịa n’azụmahịa na Naịjiria, ọ bụ ndị Igbo kacha pụta ihe na ya. Mana na n’agbanyeghi nke a asụsụ Igbo so n’asụsụ ndị na-alaghachi azụ. A chọpụtara na ihe kpatara asụsụ Igbo ji ada ada bụ na ụfọdụ ndị nne na nna ndị Igbo anaghị asụrụ ụmụ ha asụsụ Igbo n’ụlọ ha dị iche iche. Ụfọdụ narịị eziga ụmụ ha maka ịgụ akwụkwọ n’ụlọakwụkwọ anaghị amụ asụsụ Igbo. Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ndị nkụzi ejighi ya akụzi ihe n’ụlọakwụkwọ. Nke ka njọ bụ na ụfọdụ ụmụakwụkwọ na-anata ntaramahụhụ mgbe ọbụla ha sụrụ asụsụ Igbo n’ụlọakwụkwọ. A chọpụtakwara na ọ na-eme ụfọdụ ndị Igbo ihere ịsụ asụsụ Igbo ebe ndị mmadụ nọ. N’ikpe azụ, a chọpụtara na ihe e nwere ike ime iji mee ka asụsụ Igbo dị elu bụ na ndị Igbo kwesiri ịhụ asụsụ Igbo n’anya ma na-asụ ya ebe ọbụla ha nọ; ndị nne na nna ga-agba mbọ hụ na ụmụ ha na-asụ asụsụ Igbo dị ka asụsụ ire nne n’ụlọ ha dị iche iche. N’otu aka ahụ, ha ga-akwụsị iziga ụmụ ha maka agụmakwụkwọ n’ụlọakwụkwọ ndị anaghị asụ asụsụ Igbo. Ndị gọọmenti, n’aka nke ha ga-enye aka n’ịkwalite asụsụ Igbo site n’ime iwu dị iche iche ga-enye aka maka ọganihu asụsụ Igbo n’ogo agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a ga-enye aka n’ebe ọ dị ukwuu iji kwalite asụsụ Igbo n’ogo dị elu.
THE NOTION OF IGBO LANGUAGE AMONG THE IGBO PEOPLE OF TWENTY FIRST CENTURY: GREAT TREASURE IN EARTHENWARE POT
This paper is about the notion of Igbo language among the Igbo people: Treasure in earthenware pot. Treasures are preserved in secured places because of how important they are in the eyes and minds of their owners. Earthenware pot is so fragile that no normal human being can put and preserve an important thing in it. Here the researchers call to mind and draw the attention of the Igbo people on the role of Igbo language among the Igbo people and how to preserve the wonderful heritage. Igbo language stands as the pillar of Igbo unity, identity and security. Unfortunately, the twenty-first century Igbo people are losing this consciousness and are losing interest in Igbo language. This paper will be guided by ethnolinguistic identity theory. The researchers show the evidence of Igbo language as the possible factor for unity, identity and security of Igbo people, Igbo language as treasure in earthenware pot, the fear of Igbo language going into extinction, the place of the Igbo language among the Igbo people in diaspora, call for parental responsibility in Igbo language acquisition and the need to promote the Igbo language in the face of globalization.
Language, Igbo language, Igbo People, Treasure, Earthenware Pot
PATRICK IK. UMEZI; FLORENCE UJU IBEH Ph.D
Nchọcha a bụ maka ‗Ọjị: Eriri Njikọ Asụsụ na Omenala Igbo‘. N‘edemede a, e bu n‘obi ịchọpụta etu emume ọjị si ejikọta asụsụ na omenala Igbo ọnụ. Mgbe e mechara nchọcha a, a chọpụtara n‘ezie na ọjị bụ eriri jikọtara asụsụ na omenala Igbo ọnụ. Nke a na-apụta ihe n‘ụzọ dị iche iche; dị ka mgbe a na-agọ ọjị Igbo n‘omenala Igbo, ọ bụ naanị n‘asụsụ Igbo ka a na-eme nke a, maka na ọjị anaghị anụ asụsụ Bekee. Nke ọzọ dị ka o si dị n‘omenala Igbo, ọji na-agwa ndị Igbo okwu site n‘ibe ole ọjị ahụ gbara. N‘otu aka ahụ, ndị Igbo na-eji ọjị agwa Chineke na ndị nna nna ha okwu n‘asụsụ Igbo.
Poverty Traps and Impending Security Challenges: An African Perspective
Recognizing the enormous challenges facing the global community to eradicate poverty, the international development community in 2000 adopted specific targets for poverty reduction, now known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The overarching goal was to halve income poverty worldwide by 2015. Despite the commitments contained in the MDGs, poverty and hunger is on the increase, and disparity between the rich and the poor, between and within nations widening. With the number of poor persons on the rise in Africa, a favourable condition conflicts is created. This is unarguably a security challenge. This paper posits that the challenge of poverty and its accompanying challenge further entraps Africa and deepens the continent and the lives of its people in the vortex of security crisis.. Adopting the quantitative and qualitative method of historical analysis, the paper recommends that improved commitment to poverty reduction, peace and security is imperative.
Africa, Conflict, Poverty Traps, Security Challenges
THE YEAR 2020 ENDSARS SAGA: A WOUND ON THE NOTION OF CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY IN IGBO CULTURAL SETTING
This research is about the year 2020 ENDSARS saga: A wound on the notion of constituted authority in Igbo cultural setting. The researchers intend to find out how the endSARS demonstration affected the understanding of constituted authority in Igbo cultural setting. SARS (Special Ant-Robbery Squad) was created in 1992 as a Nigerian Police Force unit to help in fighting crimes. The result of the research shows that the endSARS demonstration started as a result of the human right violations and other inhuman activities by members of SARS. The demonstration had drastic effects on the Igbo notion of constituted authority; because it frustrated the psychology of the Igbo people about a constituted authority in security sector. Besides, it made them lose trust in SARS as a constituted authority. Furthermore, Poor and slow response of the government made the people suspect and lose interest in the government as the higher authority. In addition, the outcome of the demonstration made the masses to look down on the police as a constituted authority; which, in turn, may affect the process of peace keeping in the country. At the end, the researchers suggested some solutions to the problem. They are, there is need to educate the public on the meaning and significance of a constituted authority. There is need for personality test of members of Nigerian police force. Then, the youths should be allowed to take part in Nigerian policy making; this will help in full representation to avoid future occurrence of mass protest.
Constituted authority, Igbo cultural setting, SARS, ENDSARS protest, Police system, Disobedience
Echiche Ndịnime N’agụm aha Mmadụ N’ala Igbo
Nchọcha a bụ maka Echiche ndịnime n’agụm aha mmadụ n’ala Igbo. Ihe nwa nchọcha bu n’uche bụ ịchọpụta echiche miri emi dị n’aha ndị Igbo na-agụ mmadụ. Atụtụ a gbasoro na nchọcha a bụ atụtụ echiche Park (2010). Mgbe e mechara nchọcha a, a chọpụtara na ndị Igbo nwere echiche miri emi dị n’aha dị iche iche ha na-agụ mmadụ. Ya bụ na e nwere ihe ndị kpatara ha ji agụ mmadụ aha dị iche iche. Echiche ndị a sitere na nghọta ndị igbo nwere n’oge ochie nakwa n’oge ugbu a banyere ndụ nakwa ụwa ha nọ n’ime ya. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị ahụ gụnyere: Ịgụ oge, nkwenye na ihe ndị mere mmadụ
NNWEMAGBA ASỤSỤ NYE ECHICHE NA NSIRIHỤ ASỤSỤ IGBO
Nchọcha a bụ maka nnwemagba asụsụ nye echiche na nsirihụ asụsụ Igbo. Ihe nwanchọcha bu n’obi bụ ịchọpụta etu asụsụ si nwe agba nye echiche na nsirihụ asụsụ Igbo. Ọ gbasoro atụtụ Sapir na Whorf (1948) wee nye nkọwa ya. Ka e mechara nchọcha a, a chọpụtara na nnwemagba asụsụ nye echiche na nsirihụ asụsụ Igbo pụtara ihe n’ebe ndị a: etu ndị Igbo si agụ ihe aha; Etu ha si agụ ihe ọkpụ aha dị iche na etu ha si agụ ihe mbịa mbịa aha, site n’ihe nhụrụnuche dị iche iche, okwu mbite, site n’imepụta ihe ọkpụ dị iche iche, na kwa site na nsịnakwụkwọnsọ. Ihe ndị a gosiri na asụsụ nwere agba nye echiche na nsirihụ asụsụ Igbo.
Representing Igbo Culture Authentically: Realism in The Cinematic Depiction of Áfàméfunà
The focus of this work is on Southeast Nigeria and the Igbo people ( Ndi Igbo). We are going to navigate through their innovations and rich cultural heritage and practices as showcased in African cinema. There is a popular saying: Igbo enweghi Eze ( Igbo people do not have a King). Every Igbo man is a king on his own and he justifies his existence by making every effort to maintain his legacy.
THE ROLE OF NNEWI MARKET WOMEN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY SINCE THE 20TH CENTURY
The role of Nnewi women in African historiography has become a topic of interest in contemporary history. Despite the quantity of writing about women and women's history, the evidence available indicates that these women are still either rarely or wrongly portrayed as leading figures in works of African history literature. The few existing works tend to capture or portray them as innately passive, inferior and subordinate, suffering under male oppression forever. Against this backdrop, the paper will showcase the relevant roles Nnewi market women have played in the development of historiography. The question is, what have Nnewi Market women contributed to developing historiography as a discipline.What were the specific roles these women played in the study of history. The paper establishes that through their economic activities, political struggles, and socio-cultural activities, Nnewi market women have challenged and, by extension, encouraged the reevaluation of traditional narratives that portray women as passive actors in the spheres, as mentioned earlier, despite the diverse challenges they experience. As a means of examining the role of Nnewi market women in shaping gender discourses in African historiography, this paper relied on primary and secondary sources such as oral interviews and scholarly works on African women's history/studies in books, journal articles, internet materials, and etcetera. It adopts the qualitative method of historical research(descriptive essay) in its approach to data analysis and strongly argues that greater diversity and inclusivity of gender in historical reconstruction will promote justice and fairness in African society and advance the development of historiography.
Historiography, market women, Nnewi, roles, development, and history
RESURGENCE OF BIAFRAN SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS, GOVERNMENT REPRESSION, AND RISING INSTABILITY IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA
The resurgence of Biafran separatist sentiments in Nigeria is largely a reaction to perceived ethnic dominance and the Nigerian government's compromised state-building capacity. The tendency to attribute the rise in ethnic nationalism and separatist agitations to the expansion of democracy since 1999 is flawed. While security challenges exist across Nigeria, the most pressing threats to lives and livelihoods in the Southeast are coordinated attacks on state facilities by unidentified groups and the Nigerian military’s brutal response to neo-Biafra separatist uprisings. Although the revival of Biafra separatism has received substantial academic attention, existing studies have overlooked how persistent state repression has facilitated the growth of the neo-Biafra separatist movement in Nigeria. This study argues that the Nigerian government's repressive approach towards Biafra separatism has led the Indigenous People of Biafra to shift from non-violent to armed strategies. Relying primarily on secondary data analysis, the paper draws from the theory of state repression to conclude that the indiscriminate use of force, including harassment, proscription, arrests, rendition, torture, and mass killings of pro-Biafra activists, tends to exacerbate insecurity in the Southeast region.
Justin Chukwuma NWANERI; Ikechukwu Emmanuel UVERE (PhD)
This article studied Ibeku economic institutions up to 1896 with special interest on manufacturing, trade and marketing, transport and communication and institutions for capital formation. The article observed that Ibeku practiced self-sufficient economy with the production of craft products such as: blacksmith and pottery products. The article is of the view that short and long distance trade provided a platform where Ibeku traders, artisans and farmers marketed their agricultural and craft products. They also saved their earnings through institutions for capital formations. The article adopted historical method. Primary, secondary and tertiary sources like oral interviews, archival materials, journals, published and unpublished texts, were employed as means of data collection for the historical reconstruction of the article. The article concluded that Ibeku pre-colonial economy should be transformed and modernized to compete favorably with other communities in West Africa.
Economic, Institutions, Transportation and Communication
Igbolekwu Chijioke; Dr. Ikechukwu Emmanuel Uvere
This paper appraised Ibeku post-colonial economic institutions from 1960-1999, with special preference on agriculture, land tenure system, trade and marketing. Others included: transport and communication, manufacturing, institutions for capital formation, urbanization and migration. This paper employed eclectic method, explicitly historical method and ethnography. It also revealed that a thorough work has not been documented on Ibeku post-colonial economic institutions with reference to agriculture, land tenure system, trade and marketing, transportation and communication, institutions for capital formation, urbanization and migration. The study concluded that in 1960-1999 Ibeku economy experienced unprecedented growth in different ways. It collapsed in some areas, in some it was modernized while in some it witnessed transformations, growth and development.
Igbolekwu Chijioke; Dr. Emmanuel Ikechukwu Uvere
IBEKU CULTURAL PRACTICE OF CHILD-BEARING AND DEATH AND ASSOCIATED BURIAL RITES, UP TO 1896
This paper understudied Ibeku cultural practice of child-bearing and death and associated burial rites, up to 1896. The work highlighted some salient points on believe associated with childlessness, birth and associated ceremonies, circumcision, naming ceremony, the male child, the female child and twin and other multiple births. Others included: natural death, premature death, suicide and manslaughter. This paper adopted historical methods such as: primary and secondary. This study is of the opinion that Ibeku pre-colonial cultural practices were traditionally patriarchal. Multiple births were even profaned during Ibeku pre-colonial cultural practices. This study recommended that Ibeku pre-colonial cultural practices should be transformed and modernized to ensure gender equality and promote multiple births.
Cultural Practice, Child-bearing, Death, Burial, Manslaughter and Suicide
Dr. Emmanuel Ikechukwu Uvere; Igbolekwu Chijioke
NIGERIA’S DEBT FINANCING, DEBT SERVICING AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT SCENARIO IN EMPIRICAL RETROSPECT
The study was motivated by the need to examine the influence of debt financing and subsequent debt servicing obligations on foreign direct investment in Nigeria. Specifically, it sought to ascertain the effect of domestic debt, external debt and debt servicing costs on the rate of FDI inflows from 2006 to 2024. The research employed the ex post facto design enabling it to source data from the World Bank Development Indicators and the Central Bank Statistical Bulletin as the evidence upon which conclusions were made. In analyzing the data, the study applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. Findings from the results suggest that in the short and long run, domestic debts negatively affects foreign direct investment while external borrowings showed a positive impact on foreign direct investment inflows. In furtherance to this finding, the study also discovered that consistent debt servicing had a strong positive influence on FDI inflows in the long and short run dynamics. It therefore recommended amongst others that government should reduce its dependence on internal borrowings while external financing should be strictly targeted on productive activities and sectors that can drive economic growth and increase FDI inflows.
Debt Financing, Debt Servicing, Foreign Direct Investment
Okeke, Nneka Maureen (PhD); Ogbuenyi, Chinwe Vivian; Iweias, Seith Sokiri (PhD)
AN “ECOLOGICAL INTEGRATION: UNVEILLING THE VISION OF POPE FRANCIS’ LAUDATO SI AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN AFRICA”
This paper explores the concept of ecological integration as articulated in Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si examining its implications for environmental stewardship in Africa. The research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing thematic analysis of key texts alongside case studies from various African contexts to identify the intersection of spirituality, ecology, and social justice. The central problem addressed is the escalating environmental degradation in Africa, exacerbated by poverty, industrialization, and climate change, which threatens both ecosystems and vulnerable communities. By integrating Francis’ vision of a holistic approach to ecology with local cultural practices and sustainable development initiatives, this study proposes actionable solutions. These include promoting community-led conservation efforts, fostering interfaith dialogues on environmental ethics, and implementing policies that prioritize ecological sustainability. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Laudato Si can inspire effective environmental stewardship in Africa, advocating for a paradigm shift towards a more integrated and compassionate relationship with our planet.
Inyamgim Austin Ntol; Ikechukwu Batholomew Ekemezie PhD
Combating Radicalism and Violent Extremism in Local Communities: Perspectives and Practices
There is no doubt; contemporary society is existentially challenged by myriad of security problems, particularly the upsurge in radical movements, world over. Against this backdrop, this paper reexamines the multifaceted perspectives associated with the phenomena of radicalism and violent extremism in modern social discourse. It underscores violent extremism as an anti-social belief in the use of radical extreme means in pursuant of a given ideological, religious or political objectives. In that order, the study establishes that the problems of radicalism and extremism have their roots in man and since man is the problem, he is also the solution. Findings reveal the admixture of structural, environmental, attitudinal and doctrinal factors as constituting the push, pull and contextual attraction to radicalism and violent extreme behaviours. Consequently, owing to these complex factors as driving forces, the research posits that proportionate military violence in combating extremism is highly necessary although not adequate when it comes to deradicalization and prevention. To strengthen the military option, the paper advocates; (i) government and community partnership, (ii) and a sustained culture of participation and inclusiveness both in deed and in words. In the final analysis, the unique contribution therein orbits around using the methods of inclusion and participation as complementary to the military alternative in the quest for deradicalization and prevention of violent extreme activities in local communities.
Community partnership, Inclusion, Participation, Radicalization, Violent Extremism
Egbe belu ugo belu: The Igbo-African Approach to the Principle of Letting-be in Martin Heidegger’s Philosophy
The treatment of the principle of letting-be by Martin Heidegger, reveals an attempt to articulate an actionable attitude to guide human behaviour and conduct. Heidegger believes that man is often caught in the web of prejudices and the urge to dominate while relating with his object of experience. As such, this desire to always have our object of interaction produce a specific outcome often defines our relationship with phenomenon including fellow human beings; which in turn engenders conflict and crisis. In view of this, Heidegger makes a case for man to adopt a phenomenological attitude of letting-be of reality as it is, so that nature can yield freely without necessarily creating the kind of tension that is destructive to human civilization. While this paper agrees with the notion of letting-be as attitudinal disposition which allows reality to negotiate for meaning based on the attitude of openness, respect and recognition in a non-compelling manner, it however critiques its susceptibility to misconstruction and misapplication in human relations. Consequent upon this, the objective of the paper is to reinforce this principle with the Igbo-African construct egbe belu ugo belu, nke si ibe ya ebelu ka nku kwa ya (literarily translated as; let the kite perch and let the eagle perch too, if one says no to the other, let its wing break). It ethically implies “live and let live”. The paper adopts the method of phenomenological investigation which insists on the rule of patience, respect and openness of mind towards the object of experience.
letting-be, egbe belu ugo belu, phenomenology, complementarity
THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING IN INFLUENCING INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN NIGERIA
This study assessed how human resource accounting is utilized by investors and their investment choices. Precisely, it investigated the role of human resource accounting in influencing decisions made by investors in Nigeria. The staff acquisition and development costs served as the proxy for human resource accounting while the investment decisions were dismantled into dimensions of earnings per share, returns on investment and dividends per share. The study adopted the ex post facto research design in gathering data from the audited financial statements of the listed industrial firms in Nigeria spanning a period from 2015 to 2024. The panel regression technique was used in analysing the generated data. From the results, it was revealed that staff and development costs had a significant and positive influence on both the earnings per share and returns on investment, whereas it showed a weak and negative impact on dividend per share. To this end, the study suggested that mandatory disclosure of human resource accounting information in financial reports should be strictly enforced by regulatory bodies and firms should rigorously prioritize staff development as a sine qua non for increased rate of investments.
Okeke, Nneka Maureen (Phd) & Monday, Monday Akunna (Phd)
LANGUAGE AND MISOGYNY IN LITERARY DISCOURSE: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S "THINGS FALL APART
This research paper is an examination of language and misogyny in literary discourse through a linguistic analysis of Chinua Achebe's novel, "Things Fall Apart." The study explores how language constructs and perpetuates gender-based prejudices, particularly misogyny, within the context of a postcolonial African society. The analysis focuses on the portrayal of female characters, particularly Okonkwo's wives and other women in the Igbo community, in order to find out the linguistic devices employed by the author to express and reinforce patriarchal ideologies. Using a qualitative approach, the paper draws on linguistic theory to critically evaluate the language used by Achebe and its implications on gender dynamics. The study reveals that Achebe's use of language, although rich in cultural expression, often reflects and perpetuates traditional gender norms and power structures. Through linguistic devices such as metaphors, proverbs, and direct dialogue, women are frequently depicted as submissive, objectified, and relegated to domestic roles, contributing to their marginalization within the narrative. Furthermore, the research highlights instances where women's voices and perspectives are silenced or dismissed, leading to a reinforcement of their subordinate status in the community. The analysis further explicates how language reinforces existing biases, contributing to the perpetuation of misogyny and patriarchal norms in broader societal contexts. The findings reveal that misogynistic language is indeed present in the Achebe’s ‘Things Fall Apart’, as there were cases of objectification, marginalization, and discriminatory attitudes towards female characters.
Misogyny, Sexism, Marginalization, Intersectionality, Literary Discourse
AN INVESTIGATION INTO ANTHROPONYMS A Comparative Linguistic Study of Igbo and English Personal Names
This study was a comparative analysis of anthroponyms, specifically personal names, in two distinct languages: Igbo and English. Anthroponyms, being an integral aspect of cultural identity and communication, serve as an intriguing focal point for linguistic exploration and crosscultural understanding. The primary objective of this investigation was to explore the similarities and differences in the formation, structure, semantic features, and cultural significance of personal names in Igbo and English. The research combined qualitative and quantitative techniques so as to understand the linguistic nuances inherent in both naming systems. Through interviews and surveys, data was collected from speakers of Igbo and English. The findings revealed interesting contrasts and similarities between Igbo and English anthroponyms. While English names are typically characterized by words of Germanic, Latin, and Greek influences, Igbo names showcase a more diverse blend of linguistic roots, incorporating Igbo proverbs, history, and spiritual beliefs. Furthermore, it was discovered that there are distinctive patterns in naming conventions, such as the influence of colonial history on the adoption of English names among Igbo communities. Personal names depict the symbolic representations and underlying cultural values associated with naming practices in both languages. Igbo names often embody aspirations, character traits, or historical events, promoting a strong sense of identity and intergenerational connections. On the other hand, English names often convey religious or ancestral significance. The findings highlighted the profound impact of language on shaping individual and communal identities. The researcher recommended that future studies should be carried out in onomastics for further exploration of anthroponyms in other languages and cultures.
Naming conventions, Onomastics, Anthropology, Semantic Features, Language Diversity Introduction
The Role of Vigilante Service Groups in Crime Control for Sustainable Development in Anambra State, South- East Nigeria
The study accessed the place of informal policing structures in crime control for sustainable development in Anambra State. The cross sectional survey design was adopted in the study. A total of 600 respondents, aged 18 and above were selected for the study. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in data collection. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and bar charts were used to analyze data. Findings of the study indicate that socio-cultural factors like the inability of the formal police to adequately and effectively control crime necessitated the formation of informal policing structures. Also, results show that the informal policing structures are significantly accepted as agents of crime control in the communities wherein they exist. The study recommends that for sustainable development to be achieved, crime and criminality will have to be effectively tackled through a synergistic relationship between the vigilante service groups and the formal police. It is also recommended that the vigilante service groups are provided with adequate funds and equipments so they can discharge their responsibilities adequately.
Crime, Crime Control, Informal Policing Structures (IPS), Policing, Vigilante Service Groups, Sustainable Development
Chikwendu Stephen C.; Nwankwo Ignatius Uche; Oli Nneka Perpetua
Literature, Psychic Re-Engineering And National Transformation: A Study of Ben Okri’s Dangerous Love
The late Robin Williams, who played the role of John Keating, an English teacher in the film, Dead Poets Society, had told his students in one of his teaching sessions that no matter what anybody told them, words and ideas changed the world. If indeed words and ideas change the world, how does it happen? Is it possible to re-engineer human psyche? How can the whole body of a people’s culture be changed in a bid to transform them? What is culture? Since a text is made up of words and ideas, is it possible that it become an agent of transformation? These are pertinent questions this paper seeks to answer using Ben Okri’s Dangerous Love as a primary text. Qualitative method will be used in the process of doing the paper to prove that indeed it is possible to re-engineer and transform human psyche in the process of nation building, especially in Nigeria; and that once a cultured man or woman emerges, a healthy nation automatically evolves with his or her emergence!
words, ideas, human psyche and transformation, re-engineering, cultured person
Ile, Onyebuchi James Ph.D; Atimga Shimawua Ph.D
Language and Literature as Tools for Sustainable National Development in Nigeria
No nation of the world attains any form of development when its people are not properly developed: Nations are built or developed through knowledge; and all forms of knowledge are transmitted through language. In other words, language mediates mental access to phenomena and, therefore, what we perceive is phenomena in the form in which language mediated our perception.1 The fact of the mediations of mental access to phenomena by language makes knowledge communicable. While language mediates between object and perception, literature is an embodiment of object, language and perception. Therefore, when Nigerian literary works represent Nigerian reality, it is actually the object-Nigeria as an observable reality, which is mediated by language expressed through the perception of the writer, the Nigerian writer. Will reading the literature, therefore, make one a better person? If it does, then, can that state of being a better person be made concrete and practical, according to Terry Eagleton for there to be any meaningful national development? This paper will show how the individual psyche of Nigerians could be reformed, to make them conscious of the state of things in the polity and, thereby, awaken in them the need to change their situation and contribute to a sustainable national development.
Nation, Phenomena, Knowledge, Mediation, Perception, Language, Literature, Development and observable Reality
Dialectical Nigerianism: A Practical Literary Criticism of Ethnic Militancy and Sectarian Insurgency as Antithesis of the Ruling Class Ideology
Years of training in humanistic education, especially, years of training in literary education exposes the person undergoing the training to both macro and micro information types of culture, politics, history, religion, sociology, human psychology and philosophy. The person that has undergone this type of training, essentially, transforms these information types to knowledge. He or she even goes further to transform the knowledge into judgment and action – that is, he or she uses knowledge in a concrete and practical way. The objective of this paper is to study the flaws of dialectical materialism and see how these flaws could be recycled in order to produce a new concept, the concept of dialectical Nigerianism, which stipulates that societies as Nigeria does not have those indicators to make dialectical materialism applicable. Moreover, dialectical Nigerianism argues that since the perfect mode of production anticipated through dialectical materialist knowledge application was utopia, dialectical materialism is, therefore, metaphysical. Therefore dialectic Nigerianism hopes to integrate empiricism and idealism in the quest to create a new order for Nigeria.
Dialectic Materialism, Dialectic Nigerianism, Utopia, Empiricism, Information types, Humanistic Education
Ile, Onyebuchi James (Ph.D Mϋnster, Germany)
IJI ADỊMIKE ASỤSỤ IGBO ZORO EZO RỤPỤTA ỌRỤ
Asụsụ bụ ihe dị ndụ, dị omimi, ma na-anwụkwa anwụ. N'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ e nwere n'ụwa, naanị ole na ole ka e ji arụpụta ihe a na-ahụ anya. Nke a apụtaghị na o nwere asụsụ ka ibe ya mma, kama, ọ na-egosi na asụsụ ndị ahụ etoruela ogo iji ha na-egbo mkpa. Edemede a gbadoro ụkwụ n'ịchọpụta adịmike asụsụ Igbo ndị zoro ezo na ịkwalite ha ruo ogugo iji ha na-egbo mkpa dị iche iche na ndụ mmadụ. Ngwa ọrụ e jiri mee nchọcha a bụ ilu Igbo ise. Site na nkọwa na ntụcha ilu ise ndị a tụlere na nchọcha a, a chọpụtara na asụsụ Igbo nwere adimike miri emi zoro ezo nke naanị ndị Igbo ga-achọpụta ma kwalite maka igbo mkpa dị iche iche.
Utilizing Internal Resources for Accelerated Economic Transformation of Nigeria: Through a Culture of Good Entrepreneurship
The priority of any nation is the ability to utilized internal resources that is endowered in the land through a good culture of entrepreneurship which usually yield to sustainable development. A culture of good entrepreneurship, more especially internal resources transforms poor economy of a nation and makes a way forward. The paper argues that through effective participation and performance of entrepreneurship, for true meaningful economic transformation of the Nigeria economy. Nigeria, like all other developing countries is as a result of these problems experiencing syndromes of poverty, which the developed industrialized countries never experienced. This paper focus attention on meaning of entrepreneurship culture, the role of entrepreneurship in sustaining development, constrains to the development of entrepreneurship, how to ensure a culture of good entrepreneurship in Nigeria etc to ensure that futuristic plans were actualized. Finally, recommendations and conclusion are made.
Utilizing internal resources, economic, culture and entrepreneurship
Amuche Austine .A.; Hafsat Odunola Aroyehun; Oguchi Uzoamaka Tessy
Exploring French Language Studies for an Effective Conflict Resolution between Nigeria and her Francophone Neighbours
Language particularly the human language has remained the chief means of communication within the various human enclaves. It is therefore an indispensable tool that has been explored in various ways by man in order to meet his needs, attain his goals and aspirations as well resolve his conflicts. However, because human languages vary from one social enclave to another, language barrier remains a major factor that has hampered effective relations between individuals, communities and nation states. Hence, the need for language studies cannot be overemphasised. This study therefore seeks to examine ways of exploring language studies particularly French language for more enhanced relations and effective conflict resolutions between Nigeria and her francophone neighbours considering her geopolitical location. Thus, this paper is explored from the pragmatics perspective to the study of language in order to properly examine the subject. The inferential model of the linguistic communication study is specifically adopted. Suggested ways of exploring French Languages studies for an effective conflict resolution between Nigeria and her francophone neighbours include the reviewing of the Nigerian Education Policy on Language Studies by making French language a mandatory subject at all levels in all formal institutions of learning and formation. The restructuring of the French language studies curriculum at various levels to include topics such as the use of language skills in critical thinking, cross-cultural communication and conflict resolution. This way Nigeria and her francophone neighbours will have an enhanced relations devoid of suspicion, thus will be able to resolve conflicts more effectively without any language barrier.
Communication, Conflict, Conflicts Resolution, Francophone Neighbours, French Language, Language Studies
Offor, Ngozika Ogechukwu; Oguchi Uzoamaka Tessy
L’etui Triangulaire De La Liberte Feminine: Les Optiques Beyaliennes
Les femmes, surtout celles de l’Afrique sub-saharienne, semblent porter les poids qui empêchent le développement de leur capacité et l’évolution de leur personnalité. Elles se plient sur les fardeaux de tradition, de religion, d’exigences sociétales et des us et coutumes, etc. Calixthe Beyala, à travers ses oeuvres littéraires, est une des voix qui s’érigent et protestent contre cette injustice séculaire perpétrée sur les femmes. La lecture de ses romans dévoile non seulement l’existence d’un étui suffoquant mais aussi celle d’un schéma triangulaire à travers lequel l’injustice est commise. Le schéma va de la soumission à la maternité en passant par la sexualité. Cette communication vise donc à retracer ce schéma à travers les multiples oeuvres de Beyala et à communiquer les opinions et les points de vue de celle-ci.
Femmes, Tradition, Religion, Injustice, Calixthe Beyala